Edmund Ruffin

From Soil to Secession: Edmund Ruffin, The Man Who Wouldn’t Surrender

History remembers those who played by the rules—but it doesn’t always do justice to those who shattered them. I introduced the section Radicals, Renegades, and Rebels to tell the stories of the people who pushed boundaries, broke molds, and defied convention, whether for better or worse. These are the figures who refused to blend in,…

supervised learning, a teacher reading to a computer

Supervised Learning: How AI Learns to Make Smart Decisions

Imagine you’re scrolling through your email and notice that most of the junk mail—those too-good-to-be-true lottery winnings and suspicious “urgent” messages—never even reach your inbox. You don’t think twice about it, but behind the scenes, something powerful is at work: supervised learning.Your email provider has been trained on countless examples of real emails versus spam,…